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Early Intervention Speech Therapy

O-M Debate: A Reflection and Follow-up

Published August 10, 2009 11:05 AM by Stephanie Bruno
Thank you all so much for sharing your comments and research in our oral motor debate! As Lisa, CCC-SLP from VT stated, I "certainly stirred the pot" with last week's post. I did want to get us talking, but I didn't mean to create such a firestorm! This debate reminded me that I am part of a very devoted and passionate profession of women and men who believe in and stand by the work they do everyday which is definitely something to be proud of.

Reviewing all the comments offered and taking the time to critique my own contributions as well, here are my concluding thoughts:

Lisa went on to say that, "It (O-M therapy) is really an all-encompassing term that we should use carefully and specifically, making sure we use techniques that make sense in terms of our goals and our patients' needs". I agree with her and in addition, I believe that when we engage in a debate such as this, we need to clearly define the nature of the individual child's delay/disorder we are trying to treat, which helps to determine HOW we will treat it.

One of the readers, Sherril, CCC-SLP from NJ, offered a comment describing well the type of very young babies and toddlers I see in my current work position. She used the term "orally defensive". In my experience, many of these children also seem to present with global sensory-based issues that appear to be hindering a variety of milestones including their speech development and most likely their eating habits as well. Many times these children appear to be on the autism spectrum; however that may also not be the case and because they are so young that diagnosis has not come yet. With these children, their whole body is involved in the delay. These children often require a team of therapists to remediate their issues — OT, PT, Education and Speech in order to help them move along developmentally. Children who present in this way are very different from a kiddo with a speech delay, cleft palate, apraxia, etc., who may benefit from direct phonemic cuing, speech stimulation, etc. and who may only require the intervention of a speech therapist. All of these children present with a speech delay/disorder; however the cause of the problem is most likely very different.

In retrospect, I feel that I should have better defined the population I was addressing in my Oral-Motor Debate post.

In all the work that I do with children ages 0-3, when I use oral-motor methods to help stimulate oral movement, awareness, imitation, etc., it is simply one method and it does not stop there. The OM techniques I use are always accompanied by phonemic cuing and direct speech stimulation as well as pictures and sign language depending on the child's needs. The reason why I choose to incorporate the oral-motor piece is because the child is NOT responding to traditional speech therapy. Whenever oral-motor techniques are incorporated with a child who is "orally defensive" and also not using their mouth to communicate, I have seen positive results.  

One final thought — I have learned firsthand as a student and recently as an adjunct professor and supervisor that what is found in our university classrooms, textbooks and research papers is absolutely vital and lays the foundation for our life's work. Just as important, however is hands-on experience in the field. To study and read about something is one thing, to live it everyday, problem-solve it by incorporating various techniques and put your skills to use in creative ways that work for individual children and families is quite different. When debating issues, such as oral-motor therapy, it is important that both be respected and heard.

 

Thank you again for reading and for your contributions to this blog!!

5 comments

Dear Stephanie,

I tried to post the following message on November 2 but it does not seem to have made it! I hope it does this time.

Best wishes,

Caroline Bowen PhD, CPSP

Participants in the "O-M Debate" discussion will be interested in this article published in the November 2009 issue of the ASHA journal AJSLP.

The reference is:

McCauley R.J., Strand E., Lof G.L., Schooling T. & Frymark, T. (2009, November). Evidence-Based Systematic Review: Effects of Nonspeech Oral Motor Exercises on Speech, American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 18, 343-360.

This is the abstract:

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the current evidence for the use of oral motor exercises (OMEs) on speech (i.e., speech physiology, speech production, and functional speech outcomes) as a means of supporting further research and clinicians' use of evidence-based practice.

Method: The peer-reviewed literature from 1960 to 2007 was searched for articles examining the use of OMEs to affect speech physiology, production, or functional outcomes (i.e., intelligibility). Articles that met selection criteria were appraised by 2 reviewers and vetted by a 3rd for methodological quality, then characterized as efficacy or exploratory studies.

Results: Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria; of these, 8 included data relevant to the effects of OMEs on speech physiology, 8 on speech production, and 8 on functional speech outcomes. Considerable variation was noted in the participants, interventions, and treatment schedules. The critical appraisals identified significant weaknesses in almost all studies.

Conclusions: Insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of OMEs to produce effects on speech was found in the research literature. Discussion is largely confined to a consideration of the need for more well-designed studies using well-described participant groups and alternative bases for evidence-based practice.

Key Words: oral motor treatment, evidence-based systematic review, speech

disorders

http://ajslp.asha.org/cgi/content/abstract/18/4/343?etoc

http://ajslp.asha.org/cgi/content/full/18/4/343

These were the authors:

Rebecca J. McCauley

The Ohio State University, Columbus

Edythe Strand

Mayo Clinic and Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN

Gregory L. Lof

MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston

Tracy Schooling

Tobi Frymark

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Rockville, MD

Contact author: Tracy Schooling, National Center for Evidence-Based Practice in Communication Disorders,

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association,

2200 Research Boulevard #245, Rockville, MD 20850-3289. E-mail: tschooling@asha.org.

Caroline Bowen November 4, 2009 2:48 PM

Hi Stephanie

I have been an early intervention specialist for 14 years. My daughter was diagnosed with Verbal Apraxia about a year ago. I am looking to find SLP who is considered an expert in Apraxia in my area (Columbus to Cincinnati)? How would I go about doing this? I have several friends who are SLP's. What I did not know is that there is a huge debate going on about Apraxia: diagnosis, treatment, etc. I am a member of Apraxia Kids. I have recently attended a conference sponsored by them with Ruth Stoeckel. I have also read "The Late Talker", am currently reading Pam Marshalla's book. We are currently using Kaufman cards in private therapy for my daughter. I just don't know what to do or where to put my focus. My daughter will be 3 in December and I feel as if I am not prepared about what to ask for on her IEP. Any thoughts?  My email is   lisa at raters.org

Lisa Raters, Early Intervention Spec October 17, 2009 8:57 PM
Dayton OH

Monika - Thank you for your comments.  I agree with you that "many 'techniques' we have learned in our formal training and in continuing education courses simply are not appropriate for infants and toddlers". Looking back to some of the comments written in the "oral motor debate" post makes me wonder if all the therapists were speaking from the EI perspective - it's hard to say. Some of the comments and suggestions offered re: ways to stimulate speech seemed to be better suited for older children.

Geri - thank you also for the info re: Dysarthria and ASHA - great resource! Thank you for sharing it with our readers!!

Stephanie

stephanie bruno dowling, blog author August 17, 2009 9:40 PM

Hi Stephanie,

I am one of the few people who have been writing in, in support of oral motor therapy (when appropriate).

I am going to try and attach documentation from ASHA re treatment goals for Dysarthria. Please note that they include the following: strengthening muscles, increasing mouth, tongue and lip movement   http://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/dysarthria.htm

Geri , , SLP homecare 0-5 August 15, 2009 9:11 AM
westchester NY

Thanks for the follow-up, Stephanie.  I enjoyed reading the posts from both sides of the OM debate and you really got a lot of us thinking!  I am also glad you brought your message back to the birth to three population.  Many "techniques" we have learned in our formal training and in continuing education courses simply are not appropriate for infants and toddlers.  As you also mentioned, it is very difficult to make a differential diagnosis at this age.  Our main goal as home based early interventionists should be to help the child and family communicate in their current daily lives and help prepare them for more intensive "speech therapy" should they continue to need services.

Monika, EI, birth to three - SLP August 13, 2009 12:09 PM
Elmhurst IL

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